Yes, cousins can have the same last name, and this commonly occurs in several family structures. When family branches remain geographically close, marry within the community, or follow traditions that emphasize the paternal line, it is normal for cousins to share a surname. In some cultures, hereditary surnames pass almost unchanged for generations, increasing the likelihood that first cousins will have identical last names.
This relationship explainer examines how surnames flow through families, when cousins typically share names, and how legal, cultural, and marital contexts shape last-name patterns. The following sections define key terms, compare scenarios, and clarify exceptions to help you interpret your own family situation.