nature_wildlife

What to know about new cicadas: identification, behavior, and timing

New cicadas appear when periodical broods emerge in sync with soil temperatures or shortly after annual species hatch in summer. When you see or hear new cicadas, you are usuall...

Mara Ellison
What to know about new cicadas: identification, behavior, and timing

What cicadas are emerging nearby

New cicadas appear when periodical broods emerge in sync with soil temperatures or shortly after annual species hatch in summer. When you see or hear new cicadas, you are usually witnessing either a scheduled mass emergence of periodical cicadas on a multi-year schedule or the steady hatch of annual cicadas that spend years underground and mature in weeks. This guide explains how to tell which cicadas are new in your area, how their life cycles work, and what their presence means for trees, pets, and outdoor plans.

Periodical vs annual cicadas

Periodical cicadas are grouped into broods that emerge in specific years across many states, often in 13- or 17-year cycles, producing loud, synchronous choruses over weeks. Annual cicadas, sometimes called dog-day cicadas, emerge over a longer summer window each year and are usually less numerous and noisy. Broods are tracked by researchers to predict when and where new periodical cicadas will appear, whereas annual cicadas follow local soil and climate cues.

Key emergence triggers

  • Soil temperature at around 8 inches depth reaching about 64°F (18°C) for periodical cicadas
  • Consistent warm temperatures and adequate soil moisture
  • Tree root signals and seasonal day length patterns

How to identify new cicadas

Adult periodical cicadas are typically black with orange wing veins and red eyes, around 1 to 1.5 inches long, while annual cicadas are larger, greener or brownish, and often have more mottled patterns. Nymphs emerge from the ground, climb vertical surfaces, and shed their skins, leaving hollow shells called exuviae on trees and outdoor structures. Listening for species-specific songs and checking local emergence maps can help confirm which cicadas are new in your area.

Quick visual comparison

FeaturePeriodical cicadasAnnual cicadas
Body sizeAbout 1–1.5 in (2.5–3.8 cm)About 1–2 in (2.5–5 cm)
ColorationBlack body, orange wing veins, red eyesGreen or brown, clearer wing veins, variable eye color
Life cycle length13 or 17 years (periodical broods)2–5+ years (annual species)
Emergence patternMassive, synchronized over wide areasStaggered, smaller numbers over seasons
SoundLoud, pulsing mating callsMore varied, often quieter songs

What a new cicada emergence means for trees

Most healthy trees withstand cicada egg-laying and nymph feeding with minimal long-term harm, though young or stressed trees can experience more damage. Female cicadas cut slits in small branches to lay eggs, which may cause browning or death of those twigs, a symptom occasionally called flagging. Nymphs tunnel in soil and feed on root fluids, but large populations primarily affect tree vigor when soil densities are high or trees are already compromised.

Protective steps for vulnerable trees

  • Delay major pruning or new plantings until after emergence finishes
  • Use lightweight mesh row covers on small ornamentals during egg-laying season
  • Water young trees during dry periods to reduce stress
  • Monitor for heavy flagging and evaluate treatment only if repeated years are affected

Timing and planning around cicada activity

Cicada appearances are brief but intense, typically lasting a few weeks for peak singing and mating, with nymph activity extending over longer periods underground. Knowing the expected emergence windows for your region helps you schedule outdoor events, manage landscaping work, and reduce unnecessary treatments. Local extension services and cicada tracking projects often provide up-to-date maps that clarify when new cicadas are likely in your neighborhood.

Practical calendar guidance

PeriodEventWhy it matters
4–8 weeks before emergenceSoil warming and moisture stabilizeTriggers nymph movement toward the surface
When soil reaches ~64°F and warm fronts occurNymphs climb and molt into adultsSynchronized emergence begins, more visible activity
Peak adult activity (1–3 weeks)Singing, mating, and egg-layingHeaviest noise and branch flagging
2–4 weeks after peakAdults die off, nymphs return undergroundActivity declines, nymphs feed on roots over multiple years

Frequently asked questions about new cicadas

People commonly ask whether cicadas bite, sting, or carry diseases, and how loud their songs can become. Cicadas do not bite or sting humans, they are not venomous, and they rarely spread disease. Song volume can reach roughly 80–100 decibels in areas with heavy concentrations, similar to a motorcycle or lawn equipment, but brief exposure poses minimal risk to hearing. Understanding these facts reduces unnecessary concern and supports sensible planning in areas where new cicadas are emerging.

How to stay informed about new cicada activity

Tracking new cicadas is easiest when you combine local observations with established brood maps and extension resources. Community science projects, university dashboards, and municipal alerts can notify you when periodical broods are expected to emerge or when annual populations spike. If you are planning events or managing landscapes, aligning your schedule with these trusted sources reduces surprises and improves long-term preparedness.

Takeaway summary

New cicadas signal regular parts of many regional ecosystems, bringing predictable sounds and brief but noticeable activity each season or multi-year cycle. By learning how to identify species, understanding timing cues, and protecting sensitive young trees, you can coexist with cicada emergence with minimal disruption. Use local maps, extension guidance, and simple preventative steps to plan confidently around these recurring natural events.

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